In chemistry and physics, the atomic theory explains how our understanding of the atom has changed over time. Atoms were once thought to be the smallest pieces of matter. However, it is now known that atoms are made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. These subatomic particles are made up of quarks. The first idea of the atom came from the Greek philosopher Democritus. A lot of the ideas in the modern theory came from John Dalton, a British chemist and physicist.
The theory applies to solids, liquids and gases, but it does not apply in quite the same way to plasmas or neutron stars.
Atomic theory grew as a series of models that developed from experimental evidence.the theory and models were revised with time ,Thus changing the theories often
Not 100% sure but I think its the Barail Range. This would affect them by the mountain acting almost like a barrier between them. So they didn't have much interaction.