Answer:
Karl Marx and Max Weber were two German sociologists who wrote extensively about social stratification in modern capitalist societies. However, their methods and conclusions were very different. Marx saw class struggle as the most important factor, while Weber rejected Marx's ideas and had a more nuanced approach to social stratification.
Explanation:
For Karl Marx, social stratification was a consequence of the division of society in social classes. These classes are divided by their relationship to the means of production. In other words, by the place they occupy in the economy. Marx argued that there are two main classes: the bourgeoisie, which sits above the rest of society because they own the means of production, and the proletariat, who own no means of production and must sell their labour power to the bourgeoisie in order to make a living. In short, whether one owns or not the material means of life is the most important factor in social stratification.
Max Weber, on the other hand, considered Marx's explanation lacking. He considered that social stratification went beyond who owned the means of production, and considered that there are three dimensions to social class which determine one's place in society: power, which means how much one is able to influence the behaviour of others; economic inequality, which refers to how much wealth one owns with respect to others; and social status, which is a more diffuse understanding of how one's own worth is perceived by others. Weber considered that these three dimensions together better explained social stratification than relations of production alone.
Given what has been said, we can note two key differences between Marx and Weber. Marx was a materialist philosopher, in the sense that for him material differences were the primary factor, while social and psychological factors were determined by the material factor. For Weber, the material factor was only one of many, and certainly not the most important. This leads to the second difference. Marx considered that class struggle, the conflict between the owning class and the working classes, was the driving force of history. Weber on the other hand, saw class struggle as more diluted and nowere as crucial and important as Marx saw it.
Renaissance intellectuals searched out lost classical manuscripts primarily from libraries. From Italy, at first, humanists traveled across Europe, visiting convents and libraries, searching for lost works of Tacitus, Cicero, etc., and securing the ancient heritage of European culture.
Manuscripts were the basis of humanism. they were the life of humanism, its inspiration, and its purpose. They were the main vectors for the transmission of ancient texts and culture in the Middle Ages. Most of them, however, were lost or forgotten in remote libraries. To recover the ancient Greek and Latin texts they favored, humanists went on a European quest to find these manuscripts.
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