Answer:
b) blastic red blood cell (RBC).
Explanation:
In excess of 340 blood group antigens have now been described that vary between individuals. Thus, any unit of blood that is nonautologous represents a significant dose of alloantigen. Most blood group antigens are proteins, which differ by a single amino acid between donors and recipients. Approximately 1 out of every 70 individuals are transfused each year (in the United States alone), which leads to antibody responses to red blood cell <u>(RBC) alloantigens</u> in some transfusion recipients. When alloantibodies are formed, in many cases, RBCs expressing the antigen in question can no longer be safely transfused. However, despite chronic transfusion, only 3% to 10% of recipients (in general) mount an alloantibody response. In some disease states, rates of alloimmunization are much higher (eg, sickle cell disease). For patients who become alloimmunized to multiple antigens, ongoing transfusion therapy becomes increasingly difficult or, in some cases, impossible. While alloantibodies are the ultimate immune effector of humoral alloimmunization, the cellular underpinnings of the immune system that lead to ultimate alloantibody production are complex, including antigen consumption, antigen processing, antigen presentation, T-cell biology.
Answer:
To keep healthcare workers safe from accidental injury from contaminated sharps.
Explanation:
If brain death is confirmed, why does an individual's heart continue beating? As long as the heart has oxygen, it can continue to work. The ventilator provides enough oxygen to keep the heart beating for several hours. Without this artificial help, the heart would stop beating.
A head drape is used for procedures of the nose and throat. It protects the eyes during surgery and prevents hair from entering the surgical field.
A head drape is the procedure of covering the patient's non-sterile region from one that is going to be operated. The process id performed to minimize the risk of unwanted objects and the infections during the surgery.
Surgical field is the sterile, microorganisms free area where the surgery is to be performed. It consists of the draped patients, the tools and equipment that are necessary to perform the operation. Even the doctors are a part of surgery field. They must be completely covered with masks on and the hands and forearms scrubbed.
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Explanation:
When treating asystole, epinephrine can be given as soon as possible but its administration should not delay initiation or continuation of CPR.
