Claim means the truth evidence is for to help prove that the claim you made has facts alligned by it.
for example:
my pet pig is pale pink with a black spot on her back. Her name is penelope.
what does the pig look like?
pale pink with a black spot.
whats the evidence.
"my pet pig is pale pink with a black spot on her back."
While monologue and soliloquy both theoretically mean 'single speech', a monologue is a speech given by a person in the presence of others, while a soliloquy is a speech given by a person who is alone.
Hope this helps! :)