Cephalization describes the process by which organisms develop a distinct head. The head of a cephalized organism contains a concentrated group of nerves, or brain, that controls the rest of the organism, as well as specialized organs for consumption and perception, like mouths, eyes and ears. Cephalized organisms exhibit a distinct division between parts of the body; they have a front, back, top and bottom. These animals comprise the bulk of animals that are encountered on a daily basis.
sea star following organisms exhibits cephalization
<span>PS I produces NADPH and PS II produces ATP. In the thylakoid membrane is that what you were asking?
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Answer:
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Explanation:
To understand how gene expression is regulated, we must first understand how a gene codes for a functional protein in a cell. The process occurs in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, just in slightly different manners.
Prokaryotic organisms are single-celled organisms that lack a cell nucleus, and their DNA therefore floats freely in the cell cytoplasm. To synthesize a protein, the processes of transcription and translation occur almost simultaneously. When the resulting protein is no longer needed, transcription stops. As a result, the primary method to control what type of protein and how much of each protein is expressed in a prokaryotic cell is the regulation of DNA transcription. All of the subsequent steps occur automatically. When more protein is required, more transcription occurs. Therefore, in prokaryotic cells, the control of gene expression is mostly at the transcriptional level.
Eukaryotic cells, in contrast, have intracellular organelles that add to their complexity. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is contained inside the cell’s nucleus and there it is transcribed into RNA. The newly synthesized RNA is then transported out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm, where ribosomes translate the RNA into protein. The processes of transcription and translation are physically separated by the nuclear membrane; transcription occurs only within the nucleus, and translation occurs only outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. The regulation of gene expression can occur at all stages of the process (Figure 1). Regulation may occur when the DNA is uncoiled and loosened from nucleosomes to bind transcription factors (epigenetic level), when the RNA is transcribed (transcriptional level), when the RNA is processed and exported to the cytoplasm after it is transcribed (post-transcriptional level), when the RNA is translated into protein (translational level), or after the protein has been made (post-translational level).
C. smog
is the correct choice plug
<span>The answer is Information Science
Information science is an interdisciplinary field concerned with the collection, classification, analysis, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. All these activities entail information processing. Meaning, the field of information science is all about information processing, without information processing no information science.</span>
