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Valentin [98]
1 year ago
6

the vertebral column is composed of 33 bones before ____ ; some later fuse to form ____ separate bones.

Biology
1 answer:
Naddik [55]1 year ago
6 0

The vertebral column is composed of 33 bones before <u>fusing</u>; some later fuse to form 26 separate bones.

The vertebral column, also known as the backbone or spine, is a long, flexible column of bones extending from the skull to the tailbone. It is made up of 33 vertebrae, separated into five sections: the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal. In between each vertebra is a disc of cartilage that acts as a shock absorber, allowing the bones to move independently of one another.

The vertebral column also houses the spinal cord, which is a bundle of nerves that runs from the brain to the lower back. It is responsible for transmitting signals to and from the brain and body.

For more questions like Vertebral column click the link below:

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Why is gene regulation necessary in the development of multicellular organism? Use a specific example to support your argument
slava [35]

Gene regulation is necessary in the development of multi-cellular organisms because it is necessary to make sure certain things go where they are needed to go. Multi-cellular organisms have more organ systems, therefore depend on more cells to live. Cells have a memory; the genes a cell expresses and the way it behaves depend on the cell's past, as well as its present environment.

8 0
3 years ago
How does the use of fossil fuels relate to human population growth? *
vesna_86 [32]

Answer:

This in effect increased the world's carrying capacity and allowed population to grow exponentially. Since 1963, however, the ratio between energy increases and population growth has narrowed. This change could restrict future population growth.

4 0
3 years ago
Lab: Exercise and Homeostasis Lab Report
Contact [7]

Answer:

The question that was trying to be answered in this lab was “How does exercise affect a person’s heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level?” Based on this question, the hypothesis that was formed was “If effects of exercise and exercise are related, then exercising will increase heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level”.

Background Information: THIS SHOULD BE PART OF YOUR INTRODUCTION

Before starting the lab report, the important background information that was collected was very helpful while performing the lab. For example, homeostasis is defined according to Dictionary.com as “the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions”. Homeostasis in the body is maintained through three vital organs, as mentioned before, the kidneys, liver, and brain. These regulate the temperature, iron content in our blood, retention, and production of energy and overall blood composition. This was helpful because the whole lab report was based on homeostasis and the effect that it had on exercise. Another piece of information that proved to be very important explained the different types of changes that occur during exercise to help the body adjust to maintain equilibrium. These types of changes are perspiration and blood level.

When researching the typed of mechanisms that are used to maintain a constant body temperature, the information that was found was that “our bodies have nerve cells called thermo receptors that measure temperature of our internal body and external environment” (Godbole). When these nerve cells are stimulated by changes inside our bodies and in the world outside, they send their information to the brain, where it is mostly the job of the medulla oblongata to make changes to keep our internal body temperature constant.  

Exercise helps keep you fit and healthy by strengthening your muscles and making your heart beat faster. Your muscles, lungs, and heart all work together to move your body and make sure you are getting enough oxygen. This results in an increase in your breathing rate, or rate of ventilation. Your breathing rate is increased due to the fact that “your muscles are working harder then when they are at rest. This means that they need oxygen, along with sugars to complete cellular respiration.” (Why Does Your…) Your heart rate increases so that it can move the oxygen to the target cell in the muscles you are using quicker.

Materials and Methods:

Materials:

People to exercise

A clock or stop watch

Procedure:

Choose one volunteer to complete jumping jacks at a pace that can be maintained for eight minutes. Make sure the volunteer is inactive for a few minutes before the experiment begins.

Measure the heart rate by taking his or her pulse; you can do this one of two ways:

Radial Pulse

Carotid Pulse

Multiply the number of beats in 15 seconds by 4 to calculate the beats per minute. Record the data in the table below the 0 minutes box.

Measure the person’s perspiration level from 0 to 5: (0 = none; 5 = droplets dripping down the face). Note this observation in the table.

Have the volunteer do jumping jacks for 2 minutes. After 2 minutes, measure the heart rate, breathing rate, and perspiration level (refer to steps 2 through 5), and record the data. Measure the pulse, breathing and perspiration levels as quickly as you can so that the volunteer can resume exercise. Do not have volunteer wait while you do the calculations and enter the data.

Repeat step 6 three more times (remember, 2 minutes each at a time, totaling 8 minutes) and record your data at each point.

After the final recording of the dependent variables, wait one minute with the volunteer at reset.

Then measure all of the variables again. Record this data under the “9 Time (Min.) Box”.  

Data and Observations:

Table 1: Effect of Exercise

Total Time

(Minutes)

Heart Rate

(Beats per Minute)

Breathing Rate

(Breaths per Minute)

Perspiration Level

(Scale of 0 to 5)

0 – Prior to Exercise

84

36

0

2 Minutes

128

52

0

6 Minutes

96

36

1

8 Minutes

120

40

2

9 Minutes

144

44

2

Table 1: shows the heart rate, breathing rate and perspiration level of exercisers over nine minutes

Table 2: Effects of Exercise: Class Averages

Variables Measured

Group

1

Group

2

Group

3

Group

4

Group

5

Averages:

Heart

Rate

Start:

68

104

104

98

84

73

Finish:

38

152

120

120

144

115

Breathing Rate

Start:

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
What factors might affect the production of more or less foam and gas in this experiment (e.g mor yeast, different types of suga
m_a_m_a [10]

More yeast gives more foam while the use of too many different types of sugars gives less foam.

Fermentation:

It is the process by which organisms break down glucose (sugars) to produce energy in the absence of the oxygen. During the fermentation, many types of by-products are formed such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and acids.

In fermentation, the bubbles or gases, are produced by yeasts.

  • Here, if the amount of yeast is increased then the number of bubbles or foam will also increase.
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Therefore, more yeast gives more foam while the use of too many different types of sugars gives less foam.

To know more about Fermentation:

brainly.com/question/6947990

3 0
2 years ago
Read 2 more answers
After the rain of 12th June 2017, an ecologist measured a volume of 1414cm³ of rain water from 0 rain gauge with a funnel diamet
katrin2010 [14]
Rainfall is measured as depth on the surface of the Earth, typically in mm. We know the volume of water in the rain gauge: 1414 cubic centimetres. We know need to know the area of the Earth that this volume fell on. This would be the area of the funnel opening that points up to the sky to catch the rain. We know the diameter is 24 cm. So we need to determine the area of a circle with a diameter of 24 cm. The equation to use is: area = pi * radius^2. Since the radius of a circle is half the diameter, the equation is:

So area is <span>3.14159 * 12^2

= 452.39 cm^2
Volume = depth * area
depth = volume/area
depth = </span>1414/452.39
= 3.13 cm = 31.3 mm
5 0
3 years ago
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