Answer: The present value of the new drug is $19.33 million
We follow these steps to arrive at the answer:
Expected Revenues from the drug in year 1(P) $2 million
Growth Rate (g) 2% p.a.
No. of years (n) 17 years
Discount rate (r) 9% p.a.
Since the revenues are expected to grow at a constant rate of 2% p.a, we can treat this series of cash flows as a <u>growing annuity. </u>
We calculate the Present Value of a growing annuity with the following formula:
Substituting the values we get,
Answer:
a)$103.309 million initially b)$83.309 million c)240070 bonds more
Here is the complete question:
A firm with an A rating plans to issue one million units of a 10 year-4% bond with face value $100. After the financial crisis this firm is downgraded to a B rating. The yield curve increases 0.2% per year. The yield for year 1 is y1=1%, for year 2 is y2=1.2%, y3=1.4% and so on and y10=2.8%. The default spreads are given in the table below.
(a) What is the initial amount (before downgrading) the firm wants to raise?
(b) How much can this now B rated firm raise?
(c) If the firm wants to raise the planned amount, how many more bonds does it issue?
Rating Default spread
AAA 0.20%
AA 0.40%
A+ 0.60%
A 0.80%
A- 1.00%
BBB 1.50%
BB+ 2.00%
BB 2.50%
B+ 3.00%
B 3.50%
B- 4.50%
CCC 8.00%
CC 10.00%
C 12.00%
D 20.00%
Explanation: The explanation is found in the attachment
