Question

what would be the effect on translation if the listed components were omitted from the cell‑free protein‑synthesizing system, how would this affect the protein produced, and why would the selected effect occur?

Answer 1

The effects on translation of removing the listed components from the cell-free protein-synthesizing system were explained in the following points:

Please see the image below for a better understanding of the explanation:

(a) Protein synthesis would be hampered in the absence of IF-3. IF-3 separates the large and small ribosomal subunits, both of which are required for translation to begin. In the absence of IF-3, the translation would not begin and no proteins would be synthesized.

(b) There would be no translation. IF-2 is required for translation to begin. In the absence of IF-2, fMet-tRNAi fMet would not be delivered to the small ribosomal subunit, preventing translation.

(c) Although the delivery of fMet-RNA- fMet to the ribosome-mRNA complex would initiate translation, no other amino acids would be delivered to the ribosome. Elongation requires EF-Tu, which binds to GTP and the charged tRNA. This three-part complex enters the ribosome's A site. Without EF-Tu, the charged tRNA would not enter the A site, and translation would halt.

(d) EF-G is required for ribosome translocation (movement) along the mRNA. Once a peptide bond formed between Met and Pro, the lack of EF-G would prevent the ribosome from moving along the mRNA, resulting in no new codons being read. Met-Pro formation does not necessitate the presence of EF-G.

(e) The stop codons are recognized by the release factors RF-1 and RF-2, which bind to the ribosome at the A site. They then interact with RF-3 to promote peptide cleavage from tRNA at the P site. The lack of release factors would prevent the translation from terminating at the stop codon.

(f) Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases require ATP to charge tRNAs with amino acids. Without ATP, charging would not occur, and there would be no amino acids available for protein synthesis.

(g) GTP is required for translation initiation, elongation, and termination. Protein synthesis would not occur if GTP was not present.

Find more on protein synthesis-related questions at : brainly.com/question/884041

#SPJ4

➤ Although your question isn't complete, I may have assumed that you were referring to this specific question.

Complete question: Synthetic mRNA is added to a cell-free protein-synthesizing system and produces a peptide with the following amino acid sequence: Met-Pro-Ile-Ser-Ala.

What would be the effect on translation if the listed components were omitted from the cell-free protein-synthesizing system, how would this affect the protein produced, and why would the selected effect occur? IF represents the Initiation Factor, EF represents Elongation Factor, and RF stands for Release Factor.