Nitrifying bacteria participate in the nitrogen cycle mainly by converting ammonium to nitrate, which plants absorb. So, the correct option is (c).
Chemolithotrophic organisms known as nitrifying bacteria include species from the genera Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter, Nitrospina, Nitrospira, and Nitrococcus. The oxidation of inorganic nitrogen molecules provides the energy needed by these bacteria. Ammonia, the most reduced form of soil nitrogen, is transformed into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria.
By itself, this plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of soil nitrogen losses due to leaching and nitrate denitrification. Filter media is a great sowing medium. The simplest approach to apply this technique is to add an additional filter to an existing tank for a few weeks so that nitrifying bacteria can develop on the filter media. Sponge filters are perfect for this because they are portable, affordable, and compact.
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