Answer:
exposure A quantity used to express external ionizing radiation, or to indicate presence of radionuclides or radiation affecting individuals or populations (for example, “exposure” to radionuclides in the environment). gray (Gy) The SI unit of absorbed dose. 1 Gy equals an absorbed dose of 1 J/kg (100 rad).
Explanation:
Answer:
ECG paper is a grid where time is measured along the horizontal axis.
Each small square is 1 mm in length and represents 0.04 seconds.
Each larger square is 5 mm in length and represents 0.2 seconds.
Voltage is measured along the vertical axis.
10 mm is equal to 1mV in voltage.
The diagram below illustrates the configuration of ECG graph paper and where to measure the components of the ECG wave form
Heart rate can be easily calculated from the ECG strip:
When the rhythm is regular, the heart rate is 300 divided by the number of large squares between the QRS complexes.
For example, if there are 4 large squares between regular QRS complexes, the heart rate is 75 (300/4=75).
The second method can be used with an irregular rhythm to estimate the rate. Count the number of R waves in a 6 second strip and multiply by 10.
For example, if there are 7 R waves in a 6 second strip, the heart rate is 70 (7x10=70).
Answer:
No, laboratory information should be complemented with data related to the disease (e.g., symptoms of the viral disease) and patient' history (i.e., risk of exposure or close contact who were diagnosed with the disease)
Explanation:
In the last years, laboratory diagnosis of viral diseases has greatly improved and current methods (e.g., RT-PCR) have often a high sensitivity, thereby patients with this type of disease usually are accurately diagnosed clinically. However, there exist certain diseases where this information may not be conclusive. In these cases, it is imperative to use different sources of information to complement decision-making. For example, when laboratory diagnosis is not conclusive, the information provided by clinical symptoms of the disease in patients with severe acute respiratory syndromes (e.g., congestion and cough with or without fever in the first few days) can be very useful in order to determine if the infection is of viral origin or caused by bacterial types of pneumonia. Moreover, epidemiological data related to the recent life history of the patient (i.e., recent travel or residence in an area with viral transmission) can also be used for effective decision making.
