Conversion of 1 mol of acetyl-CoA to 2 mol of Co2 and CoA via the citric acid cycle results in the net production of 12 mol of ATP.
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What is acetyl-coA?</h3>
Acetyl-CoA is produced in the mitochondrial matrix by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate from glycolysis, oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, or oxidative degradation of specific amino acids. The acetyl-CoA is then oxidized for energy production in the TCA cycle.
Mitochondrial enzymes are used in the citric acid cycle. The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is fused with oxaloacetate in the first phase, which is mediated by citrate synthase. Citrate is formed as a result of the release of CoA-SH and heat. Dehydration and rehydration convert citrate to isocitrate.
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In behavioural terms, drugs like aspirin are considered negative reinforcers because they stop a person from feeling pain.
Negative reinforcement is a method that can be used to help teach specific behaviours. With negative reinforcement, something uncomfortable or otherwise unpleasant is taken away in response to a stimulus. Over time, the target behaviour should increase with the expectation that the unpleasant thing will be taken away.
For negative reinforcement to work, whatever is taken away must be taken away immediately after the behaviour in question. The end result is to get whatever behaviour is happening to continue and even increase.
Example :
A person hears a loud alarm. They push the STOP button on the alarm to make the noise stop. Now whenever the alarm goes off, they push the STOP button as quickly as they can.
- Before behaviour: Loud alarm
- Behaviour: Person turns alarm off
- After behaviour: No more annoying sound
- Future behaviour: Person pushes STOP every morning to quiet alarm
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Answer:
The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth and ends in the small intestine.
Explanation:
The absorption of carbohydrates, depending on whether they are simple or complex, will begin their digestion in the mouth by the action of saliva in food, where starches are initially separated; Once this food bolus reaches the stomach, the hydrochloric acid acts, to end later in the small intestine. Amylase, a component of pancreatic juice, ends the digestive process of carbohydrates by transforming starches into maltose, which are then transformed into monisacarides (glucose, galactose, fructose), which is the way they are absorbed by the body. In the liver they are again transformed into glucose.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option B.
Explanation:
Blood pressure represents the pressure of the blood in the major arteries of the body.
This blood pressure increases in the arteries when the ventricle contracts to push the blood to the major artery by a mechanism called ventricular systole. This increased blood pressure number is known as systolic blood pressure which is usually 180 mm of Hg.
The blood pressure decrease in the artery due to ventricular diastole during which ventricles relaxes. This lower number of blood pressure is known as diastolic blood pressure which is 80 mm of Hg.
Thus, option B is the correct answer.
Answer:
The answer is B. descending loop of henle.
Explanation:
Most of the filtrate water is reabsorbed at the level of the DESCENDING LOOP OF HENLE. This branch has a wide cortical zone and an extreme spinal cord; It has low permeability to ions and urea, but is very permeable to water; there are a few channels of aquapurine type 1 that absorb 20% of the filtered water.
