The publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
<h3>What are cytokines?</h3>
Cytokines are molecules of the immune system that act during different types of immune responses, especially in inflammatory pathways.
Cytokines are mainly secreted by helper T immune cells (T cells) and macrophages.
In this case, the publication above mentioned uses different cytokine biomarkers to test inflammatory responses after orthodontic treatment (e.g., IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, etc).
In conclusion, the publication about the effect of orthodontic forces on cytokine and receptor levels in gingival fluid investigates how this treatment can increase inflammation.
Learn more about cytokines here:
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The best conclusion you can make about the life cycle of this cell is that the cell is in the S phase of interphase and will move next to the G2 phase.
S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which all of the chromosomes (DNA) are replicated within the nucleus. During this phase, the DNA is effectively doubled as each chromosome contains two sister chromatids. After the S phase, the cell enters the G2 phase where various proteins (such as microtubules) are synthesized.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Do not keep the tap running, when washing your hands.
Do not shower every day.
When showering, get in, shut the tap down. While still wet in the shower, but without the water running, start to apply soap and shampoo. Wait a bit and the start the water again to wash it all off. Get out asap.
Do not keep the hose running, when cleaning your car.
Preferably, do <em>not</em> use a hose, but use a broom, to clean the driveway or sidewalk.
Cover the swimming pool, in order to reduce extensive evaporation.
Check for leaks in pipes, hoses, (dripping) faucets and couplings.
If at all possible, reuse wastewater as much as you can.
The aortic valve prevents backward flow of blood into the left ventricle.
The stages of mitosis are:
1. Prophase
2. Metaphase
3. Anaphase
4. Telophase<span>
Prophase
This is when the </span><span>centrioles separate and move to opposing sides of the cell.
Metaphase
This is when the chromosomes line up in the center of the cell and become connected.
Anaphase
This is when the</span><span> "sister" chromatids separate into individual chromosomes and are pulled apart.
Telophase
This is the last phase of mitosis, when chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and new nuclear membranes form.
The answer is metaphase, because that is when the chromatids line up in the center of the cell.
Answer:
Metaphase</span>
