Answer:
Channel proteins and Carrier proteins
Explanation:
These are type of membrane proteins that transcend the entire length of phosphoslipid bi- layer in the plasma membrane.They facilitate the movement of ions and molecules across the walls of the plasma membranes.
Generally, substances like glucose, amino acids, are too large to pass through the phopholipid bilayers. Likewise ions of potassium, sodium calcium, because of their polarities can not pass through either. They are ferried across the phospholipid by group of protein structures called channel proteins. Some are also transported across by carrier proteins. The process by which these protein structures aided the diffusion of substances across the phospholipid bilayer is called Facilitated diffusion.
Channel proteins are pores, that are filled with water molecules with the entrance well gated. That is the entrance is controlled by part in the inner structure of the protein which can open or close the pores like a gate to control the movement of ions across it. e.g Sodium channels are gated for movement of sodium ions by voltage or ligands(chemicals) during nervous transmission to elicits action potential. Like wise Potassium channels allow diffusion of potassium ions across the phospholipid bilayers. it gates are shut when sodium channels are open; this regulate ion exchange.
Their structures are well fixed in shape , specific to the substance or ions being transported;and the rate of diffusion depends on the like hood of opening of the gate or closure.
Carrier molecules also in the membranes do not have a fixed shape, and their transport direction is determined by the direction of concentration gradients. Thus they can flip on either sides of the membranes to aid diffusion across. Their movement can be both passive and active, and the rates of diffusion depends on the number of available carrier proteins in the membrane. They are also specific to the ions they transport.And are not gated,
Therefore these two membrane integral proteins facilitate movements of substances across the phospholipild bilayers
Answer:
Spongy bone is well adapted to accept stress in many directions, which makes it good for shock absorption
Explanation:
Spongy bone tissue is less compact and always present towards the interior of the bone and is covered by compact bone. Spongy bone tissue has lamellae that are arranged in an irregular pattern. The thin irregular columns of lamellae are called trabeculae.
The trabeculae of spongy bone tissues are precisely arranged along the line of stress. This feature of spongy bones allows them to resist the stress applied from many directions and to transfer the force making them a good shock absorber. The final arrangement of trabeculae is achieved only after the person learns the locomotory movements completely.
"The body develops proprioceptors to compensate for the missing limb" is the one among the following choices that <span>might be a reason a soldier with an amputated arm might experience phantom limb pain. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the fourth option or option "d".</span>
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Breaking down sugar, locomotion, copying its own DNA, allowing certain substances to pass through the cell membrane while keeping others out.
The answer is, acquired traits are passed down from parent to offspring.
