Question

zinc in its 2 oxidation state is an essential metal ion for life. zn2 is found bound to many proteins that are involved in biological processes, but unfortunately zn2 is hard to detect by common chemical methods. therefore, scientists who are interested in studying zn2 -containing proteins frequently substitute cd2 for zn2 , since cd2 is easier to detect. (a) on the basis of the properties of the elements and ions discussed in this chapter and their positions in the periodic table, describe the pros and cons of using cd2 as a zn2 substitute. (b) proteins that speed up (catalyze) chemical reactions are called enzymes. many enzymes are required for proper metabolic reactions in the body. one problem with using cd2 to replace zn2 in enzymes is that cd2 substitution can decrease or even eliminate enzymatic activity. can you suggest a different metal ion that might replace zn2 in enzymes instead of cd2 ? justify your answer.

Answer 1

a)The pros of replacing zn2+ by cd2+ is that Zn metallothionein was able to efficiently compete with Cd2+, Zn2+ was restored to these proteins for the first time. When Zn2+ is exclusively coupled to Cys-thiolate in mammalian metallothionein, clusters are formed that are both kinetically labile and thermodynamically stable for the metal.

The cons of replacing zn2+ by cd2+ is Cd2+ damages kidney proximal tubule cells

b) Co and Zn can completely replace one another, with the possible exception of minor individual needs that can be satisfied

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