The object must move with the speed of 
times to approximately seeing that it is contracted to exactly half of its actual length.
<h3>How is this calculated?</h3>
The length contraction experimented by the object as it approaches lightspeed, in meters per second, is described by Lorentz contraction formula:
Here, v is the current speed m/s
c is the speed of light in m/s
L' is the length of the object at rest in m
L is the length of the object at the current speed in m
Now we know that
and 
then,
Hence, r = 
Therefore, the answer is the object must travel at a speed of times the lightspeed to be contracted to one-half its proper length.
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Answer: order of test items
Explanation: An independent variable is a variable that is specifically manipulated by a researcher to investigate whether it consequently brings about change in another variable. The other variable, which is measured and predicted to be dependent upon the independent variable, is known as the dependent variable.
In the experiment above, the independent variable is the order or arrangement of the test items. The instructor gave two sets of order to two groups of students to study effect of the order on test scores. The effect on the test scores may be dependent on the order the tests were arranged.
Answer:
Predictive validity.
Explanation:
As the exercise suggests with the Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) scoring system; the predictive validity is a way of calculating how a determined score on a test predicts scores on a certain criterion measure. In other words, this is a correlation between tests and ratings; as shown in the example provided by the exercise: "Their scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course".
Chemiosmosis is the term used to describe the process of producing atp via a proton gradient.
<h3>
What is a proton?</h3>
The subatomic particle known as a proton has a fixed mass of one and a charge of one (positive charge). Protons are represented by the symbols p or p+. Every atom has protons in its nucleus. The atomic number of an element is determined by how many protons it has.
The atomic nucleus contains both protons and neutrons, which are collectively referred to as nucleons. Protons repel one another due to their positive electrical charge, but when protons and neutrons are sufficiently close to one another, electrostatic attraction is overcome by the strong nuclear force. They can unite because of this. Hadrons include protons and neutrons. Quarks are even smaller subatomic particles that make up a proton. Three quarks make up one proton.
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Guilt results when ideal standards are violated. According to Freud, this a function of the superego.
