Question

A computer programming team has 17 members. (a) How many ways can a group of nine be chosen to work on a project? As in Example 9.5.4, since the set of people in a group is a subset of the set of people on the team, the answer is (b) Suppose nine team members are women and eight are men. (1) How many groups of nine can be chosen that contain five women and four men? As in Example 9.5.7a, think of forming the group as a two-step process, where step 1 is to choose the women and step 2 is to choose the men. The answer is (ii) How many groups of nine can be chosen that contain at least one man? As in Example 9.5.7b, consider the relationship between the set of groups that consist entirely of women and the set of groups with at least one man. This thinking leads to the conclusion that the number of groups with at least on man is (iii) How many groups of nine can be chosen that contain at most three women? A group of nine that contains at most three women can contain no women, one woman, two women, or three women. So, the number of groups of nine that contain at most three women is (c) Suppose two team members refuse to work together on projects. How many groups of nine can be chosen to work on a project? In a similar way as in Example 9.5.6, let A and B be the two team members who refuse to work together in a group. Thinking about the number of groups that contain A and not B, B and not A, and neither A nor B leads to the conclusion that the total number of groups of that can be chosen to work on the project is (d) Suppose two team members insist on either working together or not at all on projects. How many groups of nine can be chosen to work on a project? As in Example 9.5.5, let A and B be the two team members who insist on working in a group together or not at all. How many groups contain both A and B? How many groups contain neither A nor B?

Answer 1

The number of groups that can be chosen from the team of 17 depends on the given conditions of the selection.

The correct responses are;

(a) The number of ways of choosing groups of 9 from the 17 members are 24,310 ways.

(b) (i) The number of groups of 9 containing 5 women and 4 men are 8,820 groups.

(ii) The number of groups of 9 that contain at least one man is 24,309 groups.

(iii) The number of groups of 9 that contain at most 3 women are 2,649 groups.

(c) If two team members refuse to work together on projects, the number of groups of 9 that can be chosen are 17,875 groups.

(d) If two team members must work together or not at all the number of groups of 9 that can be chosen are 1,430 groups.

Given,

The combination of n objects taking r at a time is given as follows

ₙCr = (ⁿr)

(a) The number of ways of choosing groups of 9 from the 17 members is given as follows;

Number of ways of choosing groups of 9 = (17, 9)  = 24,310 ways.

(b) (i) Number of women = 9

Number of men = 8

Number of groups of 9 containing 5 women and 4 men = (9, 5) x (8, 4)

(9, 5) x (8, 4) = 126 x 70 = 8820

Number of groups of 9 containing 5 women and 4 men = 8,820 groups.

(ii) The number of groups that contain at least one man is (17, 9) - (9, 9)

(17, 9) - (9, 9) = 24,310 - 1 = 24,309

The number of groups that contain at least one man are 24,309 groups.

(iii) The number of groups of 9 that contain at most 3 women if given as follows;

(8, 8) × (9, 1) + (8, 7) × (9, 2) + (8, 6) × (9, 3) = 2649

The number of groups of 9 that contain at most 3 women are 2,649 groups.

(c) Given that two team members refuse to work together on projects, the number of groups of 9 that can be chosen are (15, 9) + 2 × (15, 8)

(15, 9) + 2 × (15, 8) = 5,005 + 2 × 6,435 = 17,875

(d) Two team members must work together or not at all is (15, 7) - (15, 9)

(15, 7) - (15, 9) = 6,435 - 5,005 = 1,430

The number of groups of 9 that can be chosen two team members must work together or not at all are 1,430 groups.

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