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The answer is a at least I think it is
Republic government is elected and the head of the state is not by inheritance but by concensus of the people and elected for a fixed tenure and one of the features of dem
I cannot do this entire thing for you, but I can help.
A cause is the thing that forces something else to happen. So, that could be anything. The effect is what comes after the event.
For example, the driver was texting while driving. That is the cause. He hit a girl. That is the event. He girl was injured. That is the effect.
Hope that helps!