Adenine which is a purine base, always pairs with the pyrimidine Thymine in DNA and Uracil(also a pyrimidine) in RNA. The bond which is present between the two bases is a double hydrogen bond.
Guanine which is also a purine base, always pairs with the pyrimidine Cytosine, in the case of both, DNA and RNA. The bond which is present between the two bases is a triple hydrogen bond and hence, is stronger than the A-G double bond.
Evolution is the change in an animal over time. Evolution causes this one animal to branch out into many different species of animals.
How evolution starts- There is a mutation in the genes of one animal. If the mutation helps the animal, than the animal breeds and passes on this mutation. This is natural selection. Natural selection is the starting point of evolution because all of the helpful mutations get passed down to change the species over time for the animals' benefit.
I really hope this helps you
<h2>cAMP and glucose mobilization</h2>
Explanation:
It would maintain high cAMP level and elevate glucose mobilization
- Phosphodiesterase is an effector enzyme which degrades secondary messenger cAMP(cyclic adenosine monophosphate)
- Here in this case an inhibitor is inhibiting the phosphodiesterase therefore cAMP level will increase
- As cAMP level rise it activates a protein called protein kinase A which phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase and activates it
- Phosphorylase kinase becomes active that phosphorylates glycogen phosphorylase and makes it active,glycogen phosphorylase catalyse breakdown of glycogen(in liver and muscle cells)
- In liver cells breakdown of glycogen occurs and glucose 1 phosphate gets converted into glucose and supplied to whole body through blood
Answer:
One of the factors for the development of pyelonephritis, in addition to E. coli, is urinary retention and reflux (option a).
Explanation:
Pyelonephritis is an infection of the upper urinary tract caused by bacteria in the urine, such as Escherichia coli.
Under normal conditions, urine in the urinary bladder is aseptic, that is, without bacteria. The presence of bacteria in the urine indicates a urinary infection.
Urinary retention is the limitation of the expulsion of urine from the bladder. This promotes:
- <em>An increase in the amount of bacteria present in the bladder.
</em>
- <em>The pressure generated by urine retention causes the bladder to generate a retrograde flow - reflow - towards the ureters, leading the bacteria to the kidneys.
</em>
The result of urinary retention and reflux - when bacteria are present - is an infection in the upper urinary tract, called pyelonephritis.
Learn more:
Urinary tract infection brainly.com/question/4756206
Answer:
Results in biodiversity loss due to the proliferated growth of prey that feeds on smaller species
Please find the explanation below
Explanation:
In an ecosystem, organisms feed on one another to obtain energy. In this process organisms called CONSUMERS kill and feed on one another in a process called PREDATION. Top predators are those consumers that are found at the peak of the food chain.
A reduction in the number of top predators/tertiary consumers in an ecosystem means that the secondary consumers they feed on (prey) will grow and reproduce beyond control, hence, causing them to pose serious threat to the population of smaller species below them in the food chain.
Therefore, a decrease/decline in a top predator will impact biodiversity by causing it's loss, as organisms in lower level of the food chain will drastically diminish.
