Mitochondria are made from the process called binary fission. This is the cell division utilized by the prokaryotes. It also has circular DNA that is similar in both size and structure in prokaryotic cells. Mitochondria also has its own DNA different than the DNA found in the nucleus of a cell.
The answer in this question is Phrenology. Phrenology is classified as the discredited pseudoscientific theory of the brain that claimed that moral character, personality characteristics and intelligence could be determined by examining the bumps on a person's skull. Phrenology is focused on the measurements of the human skull which is based on the concept of the brain is the organ of the mind.
An invertebrate, because an animal with a vertebrate is an animal with a backbone.
