The answer would be they all must answer the questions of what to produce and how to produce it based on the resources they have
I don't understand what you mean by the term "middle kingdom." In the Tang Dynasty of China, they considered themselves to be the Middle Kingdom because they saw themselves as the center of the earth, if that helps.
1) 1712- first steam engine is invented
2) 1757- British victory in the Battle of Plassey
3) 1764 -invention of the spinning jenny
4) 1771 -Richard arkwright opens his first factory at Cromford
5) 1789 -Samuel Slater leaves for America
6) 1794- Eli Whitney patents the Cotton Gin
2.65 pounds.
I simply added the weights of both potatoes together to show the final weight.