The phenomenon where one gene can modify the effect on the second gene is known as epistasis.
In genetics, epistasis is a phenomenon in which the effect of a gene mutation is determined by the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, which are referred to as modifier genes. To put it another way, the genetic background in which the mutation appears determines its effect. It has long been acknowledged that epistasis, or interactions between genes, is fundamental to comprehending both the structure and function of genetic pathways and the evolutionary dynamics of complex genetic systems.
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