development of neuron-astrocyte co-culture system for mechanistic and pharmacological studies in neurodegeneration

1 answer:

3 0

Neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are characterized by the progressive atrophy and loss of neuronal function.

Lack of knowledge of the essential molecular pathways that cause neurodegeneration is one of the major barriers to the development of neuroprotective medicines for Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative illnesses.
A deeper understanding of the diseases' molecular processes is urgently required.
The lack of suitable in vitro models is a significant barrier to the creation of innovative neuroprotective therapies and the identification of early illness biomarkers.
Furthermore, the majority of the ones that are available do not have active neuron-glia interactions. However, it is generally known that astrocytes are essential to both a healthy brain and to pathology, therefore their absence affects the applicability of these models.

Learn more about the neurodegenration with the help of the given link:

brainly.com/question/13047924

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Explanation-

As per the Mendelian inheritance, Round shape and yellow color of pea are dominant over wrinkled shape and green color of pea.

According to the question, genotypes of parents are- RrYy ( heterzygous for round and yellow) and RRYy ( homozygous for round and heterozygous for yellow).

The first parent can produce four different gametes that is RY, Ry, rY, ry whereas the second parent will produce only two types of gametes that is RY and Ry.

When they are crossed, they will produce two different phenotypes in the offsprings.

Refer punnett square.

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1s2 2s2 2p4

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1s2 2s2 2p4 es la configuración electrónica de la molécula de agua. En el agua, hay 10 electrones, dos de hidrógeno y ocho de oxígeno. La subcapa 2s contiene un máximo de 2 electrones, mientras que la capa 2p puede acomodar seis electrones. El átomo de hidrógeno pertenece al primer grupo y el átomo de oxígeno pertenece al sexto grupo de la tabla periódica. En la estructura de Lewis, un átomo de oxígeno está unido a dos átomos de hidrógeno en un ángulo de 104,45 grados. Existe un enlace covalente presente entre el hidrógeno y el átomo de oxígeno en el que ambos se vuelven estables. El oxígeno necesita dos electrones, por lo que forma enlaces con dos átomos de hidrógeno que tienen un electrón cada uno.

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It is definitely not a primary source: this would be a book itself.

Now, is it a tertiary source? I don't think so: the author of the review should have read the book and should only be referring to this book in the review.

I think it's a secondary source.

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