$8,000 (80% limitation) amount of year 2 income may be offset by the carryforward of the year 1 net operating loss
When a business' running costs are higher than its gross income, it experiences an operating loss (or revenues in the case of a service-oriented company).
Operating profit is the profit a business makes before taxes and interest. In the same manner as cost of goods sold, selling, general, and administrative expenditures are, interest and taxes are not regarded as operating costs. In many cases, businesses make enough money to pay their costs and turn a profit.
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