<span>It is the biosphere, which includes all living organisms and ecosystems is the highest physical level of biological study.</span>
Answer:
When energy flows out of a system, it must all flow into the surroundings.
When energy flows out of a system, ΔEsystem is negative.
When energy flows into the surroundings, ΔEsurroundings is positive.
Therefore,
─ ΔEsystem= ΔEsurroundings
