The two processes involved in a biogeochemical cycle that cause atoms of elements to be recombined into new molecular products are assimilation and mineralization.
Assimilation is the process by which organisms incorporate elements from their environment into their tissues and organs. For example, plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves and combine it with water and light energy from the sun to produce glucose and other organic compounds through photosynthesis. This process causes atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen to be combined into new molecular products, such as glucose.
Mineralization is the process by which organic matter is broken down into inorganic compounds by microorganisms. When organic matter, such as dead plant or animal tissues, decays, it is decomposed by bacteria and other microorganisms that release enzymes that break down the molecules into simpler compounds. This process causes atoms of carbon, nitrogen, and other elements to be recombined into new inorganic compounds, such as ammonia and nitrate.
Together, assimilation and mineralization are key processes in biogeochemical cycles that cause atoms of elements to be recombined into new molecular products. These processes are essential for the cycling of nutrients and the maintenance of life on Earth.
