Answer:
a. Proximal convoluted tubule is responsible for reabsorbing most part of the ultrafiltrate. This means that at this level, substances like glucose and amino-acids are reabsorbed almost completely throughout this tube. Other substances, like potassium and bicarbonate are also reabsorbed in a big percentage here.
Also depending on the organism needs to keep the water balance, sodium, chloride and water are reabsorbed partly.
b. If the glucose transport is exceeded in the PCT, glucose will pass to the filtrate. Given the fact that glucose is osmotically active, high concentrations of glucose not being reabsorbed will consequently 'drag' water along. This situation ends up in an increase urine volume.
When diabetes mellitus is not controlled, patients will experience high volume of urine. Meaning they feel the need to go to the toilet very often. Also there is presence of glucose in the urine, which is normally not there.
c. The nephron loop is designed so the urine can be concentrated, saving water. The TCP is connected to the descending limb of the nephron loop, which is very permeable to water but not to other solutes like ions and urea. Then the following ascending limb of the loop, is not permeable at all to water, but ions can be reabsorber, especially cations. Therefore in a non pathological situation. This mechanism enables the production of concentrated urine when needed to save water and more diluted urine if there was a need to excrete water.
Answer:
Water moves across a permeable barrier during osmosis to equalize the solute concentration on each side of the membrane. Nutrients, on the other hand, are absorbed across a barrier by a process known as diffusion
Explanation:
Osmosis is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane. Diffusion is the process by which atoms or molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration
Answer and explanation :
there are many problem due to lack of pneumotaxic and stetch receptor neurons on ventilation
DUE TO LACK OF PNEUMOTAXIC CENTER :
- pneumotaxic center is present in the nucleus which is used to transmit impulse to the inspiratory area which is not possible due to lack of pneumotaxic center
- it controls the duration of filling of lungs
- it also control the medullary respiratory system which is not possible due to lack of this
DUE TO LACK OF STRETCH RECEPTOR :
- The hearing breuer inflation reflex is generated by stretch receptor neuron which is not generated due to lack of stretch receptor
- when stretched these receptors send the inhibitory impulses through the vegus nerve to the DMG neuron which is not possible due to lack of this
