Each time a new ATP is created, ATP synthase must process 5 protons.
<h3>Where is ATP synthase found and what does it do?</h3>
ADP and phosphate are converted into ATP by the mitochondrial enzyme ATP synthase, which is located in the inner membrane.
Protons are transported over a gradient created by electron transfer from the chemically positive to the negative side of the proton, which drives the flux of protons.
<h3>How does photosynthesis's ATP synthase function?</h3>
The light-driven production of ATP is catalyzed by the chloroplast ATP synthase, which is activated in the light and deactivated in the dark by redox-modulation via the thioredoxin system.
This down-regulation is thought to be crucial for minimizing wasted ATP hydrolysis at night.
<h3>What makes ATP synthase so crucial?</h3>
All cellular functions are powered by ATP, which is constantly used by cells and required for production. About 100 ATP molecules can be produced by each ATP synthase every second.
Plant cuticle is a waxy covering over the aerial epidermal cells of all the plants. Waxes are composed of cutin and a various organic solvent-soluble lipids. The cuticle is an extracellular hydrophobic layer which provides protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. In other words the cucticle helps to retain water and give plants an adavanthe to live terrestrial life.
Space, water, energy, and air are all needed for an organism to survive. Sand is just somewhere an organism could accustom to live in that environment.
