Having nonidentical alleles at the same gene locus of two homologous chromosomes is referred to as being <u>heterozygous.</u>
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<h3>Homologous Chromosome:</h3>
One of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, locations, chromosomal length, and centromere placement is referred to as a homologous chromosome. One paternal and one maternal chromosome make up a homologous pair. A somatic cell of a human has a total of 46 chromosomes in its nucleus. The father inherits half of them (22 autosomes Plus X or Y chromosome), while the mother inherits the other half (22 autosomes + X chromosome). During meiosis, the maternal and paternal chromosomes couple up, with each having a corresponding counterpart.
A female typically has 23 homologous chromosomes, compared to a male's 22. This is due to the fact that men's X and Y sex chromosomes are not identical. To encourage genetic variety, homologous chromosome pairing is crucial during meiosis. The resulting haploid gametes contain chromosomes that are genetically distinct from one another due to the genetic recombination that takes place between homologous pairings at meiosis.
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