Answer:
B. The zero based budget requires managers to re-justify every planned expenditure every year.
Explanation:
A zero based budget is one that does not take into account historical data when it is considering the present year budget. Each departmental requirement is re-evaluated and a new amount is assigned as budget for the year.
However conventional budgets carryover the previous year's expenses as a base data point. This results in similar budgeting across years.
So the main difference between the two is that zero based budget requires managers to re-justify every planned expenditure every year.
Answer:
a) Pre-tax cost of debt is 8.45%
b) After tax cost of debt is 5.07%
Explanation:
a) Given:
Debt issue outstanding = $15.5 million
Semi-annual coupon rate = 0.063 / 2 = 0.0315
Assumed par value (FV) = $1,000
Coupon payment (pmt) = 0.0315 × 1000 = $31.5
Current bond price (PV) = 92% of $1,000 = $920
Time period (nper) = 5 × 2 = 10 periods
Calculate semi-annual rate using spreadsheet function =Rate(nper,pmt,PV,FV)
Semi-annual rate = 4.14%
Pmt and FV are negative as they are cash outflows.
YTM = 4.14 × 2 = 8.28%
Effective annual rate = 
= 
= 0.0845 or 8.45%
b) Tax rate is 40%
After tax cost of debt = Pre tax cost of debt × (1 - 0.4)
= 0.0845 × 0.6
= 0.0507 or 5.07%
The cost versus benefit test will not act as a good factor to measure tangible achievement.
Explanation:
Most of the Non-profit organization has a focus on welfare activities. The benefits can be influenced only by the subjective fulfillment of benefits. Executive members of all trusts are not able to calculate the benefits attained through welfare operations. Such a parameter system of identifying the beneficiaries' prospects of end-users is known as Intangible achievement.
The tangible achievement always lies in the status of invisible movements of each welfare operations. But each step of inducing the effects of cost versus benefit test does not suit to provide the effective to identify the tangible achievements.
Answer:
D.
discouraging the use of products like alcohol and tobacco
Explanation:
Excise taxes can be regarded as taxes that are been paid after purchasing a particular goods such as gasoline, it is also extended on activities like usage of high ways.. It should be noted that besides raising revenue, discouraging the use of products like alcohol and tobacco is another important use of excise taxes.
Answer:
b. decrease no effect
Explanation:
When the treasury stock is repurchased and at a premium. That is the price more than the par value, the excess is debited to the additional paid in capital account as this is the account used to fund the additional amount required to pay the differential.
Retained earnings on the other hand are unaffected by this transaction as long as the company has enough funds in the paid in capital account to complete the transaction.
Total paid in capital will decrease
Retained earnings will have no effect
Hope that helps.