The answer is D it's the best option
Answer: Emphysema
Explanation:
Emphysema can be defined as a type of COPD which involves the damage to the air sacs In the lungs.
As a result of this the body does not gets enough oxygen which is required by the body.
In this disease, there is an extreme dilation and destruction of pulmonary alveoli. This aids in poor exchange of gases. It can be mild, severe or chronic.
It is caused due to smoking and can be prevented by getting worse by quitting smoking.
Garrod hypothesized that "inborn errors of metabolism" such as alkaptonuria occur because...genes dictate the production of specific enzymes, and affected individuals have genetic defects that cause them to lack certain enzymes.
Explanation:
Archibald Garrod researched on alkaptonuria and proposed the ‘one gene-one enzyme’ hypothesis. This led to the finding that alkaptonuria is caused due to an inherited or “inborn error of metabolism”.
This hypothesis stated that each gene codes and responsible for a single specific enzyme which facilitates a particular step in the metabolic processes.
According to Garrod, a mutation of a particular gene leads to specific error or defect leading to a lack of a particular enzyme that takes part in the biochemical metabolic pathways. This disrupts the metabolic pathway at the specific enzymatic action point.
In alkaptonuria, it was found that the defective phenotype of dark urine is due to the inborn error happening during the waste elimination process.
