Answer:
The nucleic acid is a macromolecule present in living systems in the form of either DNA or RNA, whose molecule consists of many nucleotides which are linked with each other to form long chains. The presence of DNA or RNA in an individual promotes continuity of life. The variability and complexity of nucleic acid are dependent on its constituent molecules as, sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. However, two monocyclic nitrogenous bases were classified purines (adenine:A, guanine:G) and pyrimidines (thymine:T, cytosine:C, and uracil:U).
In addition, RNA is a single-stranded structure which differs from DNA in two aspects, the sugar content of RNA is ribose, and pyrimidine base uracil replaces the thymine base of DNA. A ratio between two strands of DNA can be calculated by using Chargrff's rule which states that "DNA from any cell of all organisms possess a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases'.
The purine to pyrimidine ratio in RNA with different bases is given below in the following table:
Presence of single strand in RNA does not follow chargaff's rule and alters the purine: pyrimidine ratio. The above ratio of each base in the given information is not equal, due to which the ratio of purines to pyrimidines is different. The ratio of DNA and RNA is not equal because DNA has its complementary DNA strand. However, bases in RNA might vary due to its single-strandedness property, but its ratio is dependent on the species.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the ratio of purines to pyrimidines is dependent on the species due to its genetic makeup. Hence, option (c) is correct.
<h2>Permanent tissues in Plant</h2>
Explanation:
A) The cell walls of parenchyma cells are thinner than those of sclerenchyma cells
Plants posses basically two kinds of tissue- meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Meristematic tissue is made up of cells which are capable of active division and give rise to other tissues,.
Permanent tissue are already differentiated and usually do not divide.
Permanent tissues are -collenchyma, sclerenchyma and parenchyma.
Parenchyma and collenchyma are living whereas sclerenchyma is non-living.
The greatest number of shared derived characters should be found in two organisms that are placed in the same kingdom class.The biggest quantity of the offshore fields drives characters must be observed among the 2 organisms which are the member of the identical kingdoms magnificence area family
Shared derived tendencies derived tendencies, individual states which are shared through species and which are exceptional from the ancestral species. a collection or member this is intently associated however now no longer a member of the organization being studied.
Cladistics /Phylogeny- is a exceedingly new device of class that makes use of shared derived tendencies to set up evolutionary relationships. A derived trait is a function that advanced handiest in the organization beneathneath consideration. A phylogenetic tree primarily based totally on a cladistic evaluation is referred to as a cladogram.
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Mirror neurons are said to be the factors behind social imitation. Neurons are the main cell of the nervous system which is responsible for communication of organs and control of many bodily functions. In an evolutionary standpoint, mirror neurons are an advantage because humans are able to replicate and imitate skills, behaviors and practices which they find beneficial and advantageous in the wild. Among their social peers, mirror neurons help these individuals practice social inclusion through culture, values and practices for increased group cohesion and cooperation.
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