Answer:
Phylogenetic trees can be described as diagrams which represents the evolutionary histories of organisms. The organisms that share more common traits or functions are more closer to one another in the diagram.
The phylogenetic tree in the above diagram shows that the ancestors of Danes, Chinese and Tibetans carried the regular EPAS1 alleles.
According to the tree, the Chinese are more closer to the Tibetans as they carry the Tibetan EPAS1 alleles which the Danes do not carry.
It decomposes it and returns the nutrients to the ground.
The correct answer is Karl will get sick and Jose will not this time, but neither will get this influenza again since they both will have acquired active immunity to it.
In the case of Jose artificially active immunity has been induced due to vaccination. A vaccine instigates a primary response against the antigen without resulting in any signs of the disease. On the other hand, Karl will acquire active immunity naturally in future, as when an individual get exposed to a live pathogen, he or she develops the disease, and turns immune as an outcome of the primary immune response.
Lethal alleles cause the death of an organism prenatal or after the birth. Lethal alleles are usually a consequence of a mutation and they can be recessive, dominant or conditional. Since the lethal dominant alleles are harmful whether they are carried in homozygous (e.g.AA) or heterozygous (e.g.Aa) form, a strong selection against them is present and thus these alleles are much more rare.
