Answer: Adaptation
Explanation:
Sensory adaptation refers to a reduction in sensitivity to stimulus after being over conversant with it.
The concern in Japan about the effect that the rise in one-child families is having on the foundation of Japanese society is based on the theoretical perspective - structural functionalism.
<span>This theory sees society as a structure with interrelated parts designed to meet the biological and social needs of the individuals and groups.</span>
Answer:
The Willowbrook study refers to a 14-year research which involved the use of demented children as lab animals in an experiment involving the study of Hepatitis for the purpose of developing a cure.
For a medical practice to be ethical, it must conform to the following rules:
It must be Autonomous: Autonomy in Medicine speaks to the right of rational and psychologically healthy adults to participate in their own medical care having been informed of all the consequences. Where children and adolescents are involved, the decision has to involve their parents. All parties (especially the children) must be in sync with the ramifications of the choices and legally capable of contributing to the decision making process.
It must speak in the direction of Justice: This principle tilts heavily towards the rights of the individual. It begs the following question:
can the medical decision be considered fair to the patient if it is held under the scrutiny of the law?
- is it consistent with their legal rights?
- viewed in from a balanced societal paradigm, it is fair?
3. Beneficence: This principle takes speaks to the requirement for all medical actions and or medical experiments to keep the benefit and wellbeing of the recipient and or participant above all other considerations. That is, if it is not beneficial, if it is harmful to the recipient or participant, then it's unethical.
4. Non-maleficence: This principle is often explained alongside Beneficence. The Medical Practitioners and or the Medical researcher is required by this principle not to take any actions that will harm or put the patient in harm's way.
According to the journals which discussed the Willowbrook Incident, all the four principles above were violated.
- There was no foreseeable benefit of the experiment to the children
- The children, mentally challenged, were incapable of electing to participate or not. Even if the parents allowed it, it was still morally wrong for the experiment to have taken place given that it was not in the benefit of the children.
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The national defense education act, the elementary and secondary education act, and the interstate highway system are all examples of: "cooperative federalism".
<h3>What is a
cooperative federalism?</h3>
Interlocking (cooperative) federalism (sometimes known as marble-cake federalism) is a form of government in which the federal and state governments share authority and collaborate on specific concerns.
Some characteristics of cooperative federalism are-
- The federal government may collaborate with state public programs to fund colleges, compensate veterans, or create transportation infrastructure under an interconnected federal system.
- Cooperative federalism differs from dual federalism, often called as layer-cake federalism.
- The state and federal governments have each clearly defined domains of competence under dual federalism.
- Cooperative federalism would be a relatively new phenomenon. Its major characteristics—sharing of policy responsibility and financial resources, administration dependency, and function overlapping—are primarily connected with federal grant-in-aid programs.
To know more about cooperative federalism, here
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In Federalist Paper number 78, Alexander Hamilton asserts that the JUDICIAL department of government is the least powerful branch of government because it has no power over the sword (military/wars) or purse (money).
