A) Giuliano della Rovere
Pope Julius II was born Giuliano della Rovere. During his nine-year pontificate his military and diplomatic interventions averted a take-over by France of the Italian States. He also commissioned a series of highly influential art and architecture projects in Rome
A conquistador is a Spanish explorer, like the ones that explored America. They were important since the Spanish would not have spread their empire without someone to lead the way.
An immunity is something that means you cannot get harmed by since you have already had it or have medication to make yourself invincible to that disease. It's like after having chicken pox, you can't get again.
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Because they anticipated that the notorious brutality of local law enforcement under Sheriff Jim Clark would attract national attention and pressure President Lyndon B. Johnson and Congress to enact new national voting rights legislation.
It is not important because it is a philosophical statement.