Answer:
D. About 800 years
Step-by-step explanation:
Use the half-life equation:
A = A₀ (½)ⁿ
where A is the final amount,
A₀ is the initial amount,
and n is the number of half-lives.
0.90A₀ = A₀ (½)ⁿ
0.90 = (½)ⁿ
To solve for n, take log of both sides:
log 0.9 = n log 0.5
n = (log 0.9) / (log 0.5)
n = 0.152
It takes 0.152 half-lives. The half-life of carbon-14 is 5730 years.
0.152 × 5730 years = 871 years
The closest answer is D.
Answer:
512
Step-by-step explanation:
Suppose we ask how many subsets of {1,2,3,4,5} add up to a number ≥8. The crucial idea is that we partition the set into two parts; these two parts are called complements of each other. Obviously, the sum of the two parts must add up to 15. Exactly one of those parts is therefore ≥8. There must be at least one such part, because of the pigeonhole principle (specifically, two 7's are sufficient only to add up to 14). And if one part has sum ≥8, the other part—its complement—must have sum ≤15−8=7
.
For instance, if I divide the set into parts {1,2,4}
and {3,5}, the first part adds up to 7, and its complement adds up to 8
.
Once one makes that observation, the rest of the proof is straightforward. There are 25=32
different subsets of this set (including itself and the empty set). For each one, either its sum, or its complement's sum (but not both), must be ≥8. Since exactly half of the subsets have sum ≥8, the number of such subsets is 32/2, or 16.
