D looks like the oldest one because there is barley anything there. if not then I would do b
I would say energy myself, and this is because energy plays a key role in all of these. With trophic levels energy is being transferred amongst the levels. Food chain's is a map of how the energy is passed along the chain. Food web is a web of how energy is transferred, and this is why I would say energy is a keyword.
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells. In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C, and D periods. The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication.
Because they are non renewable sources of energy and they took billions of years to form.