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gladu [14]
3 years ago
9

Describe the three-schema architecture. Why do we need mappings among schema levels? How do different schema definition language

s support this architecture?

Computers and Technology
1 answer:
VARVARA [1.3K]3 years ago
8 0

Answer:

Three Scheme architecture contains internal level, conceptual level, and external level.

In the internal level physical structure of the database described. The internal Schema is also known as physical Schema, as it is used to define the data that stored in a block. Internal Schema describes a sophisticated level of data structure in detail.

The conceptual level design of the database has described, and it is known as a logical level. The conceptual level describes the whole structure of the database. It describes the relationships among the data. Implementation of data are hidden in a theoretical level

On the external level, databases contain schemas that represent a different view of the database. Each describes the database that the user interested in and hides the remaining database. The external database is also known as view schema.

Explanation:

The mappings between schema levels happen due to visualization and schema matching. DBMS has three schema level.

In the attached diagram

It shows the DBMS architecture.

Mapping is a way to transfer and respond to the request between the various database architecture.

Mapping takes more time to transfer data in small DBMS.

External / Conceptual mapping transforms the data from the outer level to the conceptual schema.

In Conceptual / Internal mapping, response transforms from conceptual to internal level.

Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) is a framework in which multiple validations can be applied to achieve a complete validation result. In this way, schema definition language support this architecture.

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tresset_1 [31]

The correct answer is; " a unit of lexical meaning that underlies a set of words that are related through inflection."

Further Explanation:

The lexeme is part of the stream where the tokens are taken and identified from. When these streams become broken, there is always an error message. The lexeme is known as "the building blocks of language."

These are a very important part of computer programming. If any string or character is misplaced this can stop the entire program or operation.

One example of a lexeme is;

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Learn more about computer programming at brainly.com/question/13111093

#LearnwithBrainly

4 0
3 years ago
Write a Java program to encrypt and decrypt a phrase using two similar approaches, each insecure by modern standards. The first
xeze [42]

Answer:

See explaination

Explanation:

//CryptoManager.java

public class CryptoManager {

static int LOWER_BOUND=32;

static int UPPER_BOUND=95;

/*This method determines if a string is within the allowable bounds of ASCII

codes according to the LOWER_BOUND and UPPER_BOUND characters. The parameter

plainText is the string to be encrypted. The method returns true if all

characters are within the allowable bounds, false if any character is outside.*/

public static boolean stringInBounds (String plainText)

{

boolean flag=true;

//determines if a string is within the allowable bounds of ASCII

//codes according to the LOWER_BOUND and UPPER_BOUND characters.

for(int i=0;i<plainText.length();i++)

{

if(!((int)plainText.charAt(i)>=LOWER_BOUND && (int)plainText.charAt(i)<=UPPER_BOUND))

{ //false if any character is outside the bounds

flag=false;

break;

}

}

//returns true if all characters are within the allowable bounds

return flag;

}

/*This method encrypts a string according to the Caesar Cipher. The integer key

specifies an offset and each character in plainText is replaced by the character

the specified distance away from it. The parameter plainText is an uppercase

string to be encrypted. The parameter key is an integer that specifies the

offset of each character. The method returns the encrypted string.*/

public static String encryptCaesar(String plainText, int key)

{

//Wrap around the key, if it is greater than the UPPER_BOUND

key=Wrap_around(key);

//encrypted text

String res="";

//encryption

for(int i=0;i<plainText.length();i++)

{

res+=Character.toString((char) ((int)plainText.charAt(i)+key));

}

//return result

return res;

}

/* This method decrypts a string according to the Caesar Cipher. The integer

key specifies an offset and each character in encryptedText is replaced by

the character "offset" characters before it. This is the inverse of the

encryptCaesar method. The parameter encryptedText is the encrypted string

to be decrypted, and key is the integer used to encrypt the original text.

The method returns the original plain text string.*/

public static String decryptCaesar(String encryptedText, int key){

//Wrap around the key, if it is greater than the UPPER_BOUND

key=Wrap_around(key);

//decrypted text

String org="";

//encryption

for(int i=0;i<encryptedText.length();i++)

{

org+=Character.toString((char) ((int)encryptedText.charAt(i)-key));

}

//return result

return org;

}

public static int Wrap_around(int key)

{

while(key>UPPER_BOUND)

{

key-=(UPPER_BOUND-LOWER_BOUND);

}

return key;

}

/* This method encrypts a string according to the Bellaso Cipher. Each character

in plainText is offset according to the ASCII value of the corresponding

character in bellasoStr, which is repeated to correspond to the length of

plaintext. The method returns the encrypted string.*/

public static String encryptBellaso(String plainText, String bellasoStr)

{

//encrypted text

String res="";

//Adjust length of bellasoStr to plainText

while(bellasoStr.length()<plainText.length())

{

bellasoStr+=bellasoStr.substring(0,(plainText.length()-bellasoStr.length()));

}

//encryption

for(int i=0;i<plainText.length();i++)

{

char c=(char)Wrap_around((int)plainText.charAt(i)+(int)bellasoStr.charAt(i) );

res+=Character.toString(c);

}

//return result

return res;

}

/*

This method decrypts a string according to the Bellaso Cipher. Each character

in encryptedText is replaced by the character corresponding to the character in

bellasoStr, which is repeated to correspond to the length of plainText. This is

the inverse of the encryptBellaso method. The parameter encryptedText is the

encrypted string to be decrypted, and bellasoStr is the string used to encrypt

the original text. The method returns the original plain text string.*/

public static String decryptBellaso(String encryptedText, String bellasoStr)

{

//decrypted text

String res="";

//Adjust length of bellasoStr to plainText

while(bellasoStr.length()<encryptedText.length())

{

bellasoStr+=bellasoStr.substring(0,(encryptedText.length()-bellasoStr.length()));

}

//decryption

for(int i=0;i<encryptedText.length();i++)

{

char c=(char)Wrap_around((int)encryptedText.charAt(i)-(int)bellasoStr.charAt(i) );

res+=Character.toString(c);

}

//return result

return res;

}

}

6 0
3 years ago
Select the correct answer.
snow_tiger [21]

Answer: I think it's D.

Explanation: I'm sorry if I chose the wrong answer, I'm not too good with stuff like this.

3 0
2 years ago
What do conditions do for programs?
Luba_88 [7]

Answer:

add versatility thank you

7 0
2 years ago
Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu. Which IF formulas are valid? _____ and _____ are valid IF formulas.
Lyrx [107]

Answer:

=IF(D3>50; E3; F3) AND =IF(A1>60;"Pass";"Fail")

Explanation:

An IF structure is built following this pattern:

IF(TEST;IFTRUE;IFFALSE)

These are the only options in the given drop-down menus what comply with this pattern.  All others are not following this pattern.

The computer will do the test and if the result is true will apply the IFTRUE value, otherwise will apply the IFFALSE value.

4 0
3 years ago
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