Plasticity or brain plasticity refers to the brain's capacity to change throughout life. It is centered around the notion that many aspects in a person's brain can suffer alterations even through adulthood. Basically it defies the idea that we are "hard-wired" as humans. Learning is appointed as a main contributor to the increase of brain plasticity, this is largely due to the brain's capacity to form new connections (synapses) between neurons (brain cells) when presented with new scenarios, it is consistently reorganizing itself, creating and pruning (removing) synapses.
The answer for Ali is a diathesis-stress model, for Ayse is the sociocultural model. The diathesis-stress model pertains to the reason that genetic factors are the cause why we acquire mental disorders. The socio-cultural model points out that society and the culture play important roles as to why we develop mental disorders.
The difference between a Republic and a Democracy is that the former is a representative form of government that is ruled according to a charter or constitution while the latter is the kind of government that is ruled according to the will of the majority. I hope this would help
