Answer:
<u>b. learning occurs independently of reinforcement</u>
Explanation:
Edward C. Tolman was one of the famous American psychologists who was best known for his research on 'cognitive maps', latent learning theory, cognitive behaviorism, and intervening variable.
According to Tolman, an individual has the capability of doing more than merely responding to certain stimuli, instead, he or she acts on attitudes, beliefs, strive towards specific goals, and a few changing conditions. He was considered as the only behaviorists who don't accept the "stimulus-response theory", as he believed that reinforcement wasn't required for learning.
In the question above, the correct answer is option-b.
Answer:
We all know Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, but he actually wasn't in the original list of Santa's reindeer names in "Twas The Night Before Christmas." Of course, other versions of the names have also been published over the years, including Donner and Blitzen. And Rudolph came later, popularized by the song and film.Explanation:
An apple and cupcake are around the same size if you compare them in that respect.
As for energy, a cupcake gives you a lot of energy at that moment, called a “sugar rush”. But an apple has more fat and protein, giving you more energy an hour or a bit more later, but the apple’s energy will not drop off later leaving you feeling fatigued unlike the cupcake.
A parent argues that violation of a free appropriate public education often starts with the evaluative process because, with free education, students might begin to take schools and colleges for granted.
<h3>Disadvantages of Free Public Education</h3>
- Schools wouldn't exert as much effort to conserve funds and adhere to a budget if college was free. These schools would engage in wasteful expenditure practices as they are aware that they will always receive financing.
- Additionally, since education is free for everybody, private colleges would no longer need to compete for students.
- Students might not take school as seriously if it is free. Because their education is being given to them for free, they won't value it.
- When tuition is paid out of their own pockets, students are more likely to put more effort into their studies.
- In the US, the state is frequently responsible for paying for public education. The money would have to come from other crucial programs that many low-income families rely on if a state's budget didn't have enough money to finance free college.
To learn more about free public education refer to:
brainly.com/question/23566306
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