Answer:
Molecular genetic approaches to the study of plant metabolism can be traced back to the isolation of the first cDNA encoding a plant enzyme (Bedbrook et al., 1980), the use of the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid to introduce foreign DNA into plant cells (Hernalsteens et al., 1980) and the establishment of routine plant transformation systems (Bevan, 1984; Horsch et al., 1985). It became possible to express foreign genes in plants and potentially to overexpress plant genes using cDNAs linked to strong promoters, with the aim of modifying metabolism. However, the discovery of the antisense phenomenon of plant gene silencing (van der Krol et al., 1988; Smith et al., 1988), and subsequently co‐suppression (Napoli et al., 1990; van der Krol et al., 1990), provided the most powerful and widely‐used methods for investigating the roles of specific enzymes in metabolism and plant growth. The antisense or co‐supression of gene expression, collectively known as post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), has been particularly versatile and powerful in studies of plant metabolism. With such molecular tools in place, plant metabolism became accessible to investigation and manipulation through genetic modification and dramatic progress was made in subsequent years (Stitt and Sonnewald, 1995; Herbers and Sonnewald, 1996), particularly in studies of solanaceous species (Frommer and Sonnewald, 1995).
Answer:the fitness of an organism is the ability to survive and reproduce
Explanation:
The answer is false. All cells that had undergo in the beginning of mitosis, will be undergoing to the whole stages of mitosis. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle, wherein it results into equally distributed chromosomes and separated two new nuclei. Typically there are five stages of Mitosis.
The notable
hardness of bone is attributed to the presence of inorganic hydroxyapatites.
Due to the calcium salts deposited in it, resulting to the hardness. The
abnormal hardness of bone, which allows it
to resist the compression.
Finish. The work is done then the work is finish.
