They were first mentioned by the political philosopher John Locke. He was very influential for the founding fathers who based the ideas of rights that are self evident on his philosophy. According to him, the natural rights were those of life, liberty, and property, a bit different than what ended in the final documents.
Here is a chart to help you
<span>There were race riots in cities around the country.</span>
Yes, it is true that the Federalist Papers were written by Hamilton, Madison and Jay in support of the constitution, however a large majority of them were written by Hamilton alone.