Louisville is the largest city in Kentucky, USA.
The Columbian Exchange had positive and negative consequences.
Some of the positive consequences were the introduction of different nutrients and food supplies into the Old World, such as corn or potatoes. This improved the diet of most Europeans, leading to a population growth in the next generations.
However, Europe benefited more than the Americas, for some of the negative consequences about the Columbian Exchange were the introduction of diseases into the continent and the slavery of African populations into the Americas.
The immigrants who came to the United States of America between the years 1820 and 1860 changed the character of the country because they brought with them their own culture and values. This started mixing with the already present culture and values and gave birth to a new character to the country. Among the immigrants were several Irish and German people.
17th century England was troubled by the same kinds of problems as the rest of Europe--political , economic, and social tension made worse by religious division. The English parliament, which should have been an instrument for peaceful change, often only made things worse. Even competent rulers and officials had trouble governing the country. But surprisingly enough, by the end of the 17th century, the English had found a lasting solution to the problems that confronted them.