The answer is Attachment influences
Attachment influences refers to the emotional connection that is formed from the relationship between caregiver and the children that make them felt the need to be near with one another. The attachment influences mainly created from the process of meeting demands and expectations from one another.
The answer is distress or distressing. It is because in the 4d's, it is likely that distress is the answer for it is linked to Tony's behavior. For distress enables other people such as their friends and family to feel pain or anxiety with a given behavior or feeling that could make them feel this way. It could be point out above as Tony affects his parents because of his behavior making them feel pain and discomfort.
If states did not obey the central government, there would be the threat of that state wanting to secede from the union, which last time this happened in America, a Civil War broke out, which in turn cost the lives of over half a million Americans.
The correct answer is that they are likely to have been sexually abused in their childhood. This is a serious problem because it damages their psyche as many can start to believe that it is a normal thing to do and start abusing others, or they have long term problems like depression and anxiety because of it.