Throughout the early 1900s, America faced an increase in illegal immigrants coming from Mexico. Farmers would hire contracted immigrants to work on their farms. Many citizens viewed the immigration issue purely as an agricultural problem. Farmers desired cheap labor to work their farms, but the public wanted the removal of illegal aliens entering from Mexico. Others wanted to ensure that those individuals who obtained citizenship would receive proper care as new US citizens. The Bracero Program established a guideline for farmers wanting to hire contracted workers.
In 1951, Congress passed the Public Law 78 Act, also known as the Ellender-Poage Bill, which allowed the government to transport contracted workers from Mexico to American farms for a simple $15 transportation fee. Large agricultural farmers supported the passage of the bill, while laborers protested the bill. President Truman received thousands of telegrams from US citizens urging him to veto or pass the bill. Faced with such opposition during the final years of his term, Truman was pitted against Congress; Congress was for the use of migrant workers while Truman opposed the continuance of migrant worker immigration. Ultimately, Truman continued the use of contracted migrant workers from Mexico.
Some evidence exists that ancient Greek and Roman artists used chiaroscuro effects, but in European painting the technique's originator was Leonardo da vinci in the late 15th century in such paintings as his Adoration of the Magi (1481).
