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Marizza181 [45]
3 years ago
7

1. Key Concept List the

Biology
1 answer:
Ipatiy [6.2K]3 years ago
8 0
<h2>DNA </h2>

Explanation:    

1) Experiment done by Griffith:

  • Griffith used two related strains of bacteria, known as R and S
  • R bacteria were nonvirulent, meaning that they did not cause sickness when injected into a mouse whereas mice injected with live S bacteria developed pneumonia and died
  • Griffith tried injecting mice with heat-killed S bacteria (that is, S bacteria that had been heated to high temperatures, causing the cells to die), the heat-killed S bacteria did not cause disease in mice
  • When harmless R bacteria were combined with harmless heat-killed S bacteria and injected into a mouse, not only did the mouse developed disease and died, but when Griffith took a blood sample from the dead mouse, he found that it contained living S bacteria
  • Griffith concluded that the R-strain bacteria must have taken up what he called a transforming principle from the heat-killed S bacteria, which allowed them to transform into smooth-coated bacteria and become virulent

2) Experiment done by Avery:

  • Avery, McCarty and MacLeod set out to identify Griffith's transforming principle
  • They began with large cultures of heat-killed S cells and, through a long series of biochemical steps progressively purified the transforming principle by washing away, separating out, or enzymatically destroying the other cellular components
  • These results all pointed to DNA as the likely transforming principle but Avery was cautious in interpreting his results
  • He realized that it was still possible that some contaminating substance present in small amounts, not DNA, was the actual transforming principle

3) Experiment done by Hershey and Chase:

  • Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophage, or viruses that attack bacteria
  • The phages they used were simple particles composed of protein and DNA, with the outer structures made of protein and the inner core consisting of DNA
  • Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was injected into host cells and made up the genetic material of the phage

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