The bicarbonate buffering system in the blood is the most important buffering system in the ECF. Bicarbonate ion and carbonic acid are the key components of this buffering system. The weak base <u>bicarbonate</u> serves to buffer the strong acid <u>H+</u><u>.</u> The buffer to the strong base <u>OH-</u><u> </u>is <u>carbonic acid</u>. The byproduct of these reactions is <u>water.</u>
Explanation:
A buffer system utilizes chemical buffers and resists any changes in the pH and adjusts acidity and alkalinity of the medium by binding or releasing H+ ions accordingly.
A bicarbonate buffering system in the ECF regulates the bicarbonate level and maintains the normal acidity level of blood.
Sodium bicarbonate reacting with a strong acid (HCl) produces a weak acid (carbonic acid) and sodium chloride. A strong base like (NaOH) reacts with carbonic acid producing bicarbonate and water.
NaHCo3 + HCl → H2CO3 + NaCl
H2Co3 + NaOH → HCO3 + H20
The acidity of the blood is regulated by maintaining the ratio of bicarbonate and carbonic acid at 20:1 under normal conditions through the bicarbonate buffer system. The carbonic acid level is regulated by the respiratory system; while carbonate level is regulated by the renal system.
First, let's distinguish active from passive immunity:
- Active immunity occurs in a direct exposure of individuals to live pathogens. The result is a development of a disease. After that, individuals acquire immunity to the disease.
- Passive immunity is induced by vaccines with antibodies for a disease, so the disease does not develop.
<span>a. ACTIVE IMMUNITY - Bill had a disease, so it must be active immunity.
</span>b. PASSIVE IMMUNITY - Bill got a vaccine and a disease did not develop, so it must be passive immunity.
c. <span>PASSIVE IMMUNITY - Although, 3-month-old daughter did not get a vaccine, she has mother's antibodies from the milk so she will not develop a disease.</span>
Answer:
The answer is W. chloroform-chloroform and acetone-acetone interactions are stronger than chloroform-acetone interactions. This is because the bond between acetone-acetone is a dipole-dipole interactions and chloroform-chloroform dipole-dipole compared to the weaker hydrogen-bonding between acetone-chloroform.
It turns out that this hydrogen-bonding happens to be stronger the original dipole-dipole forces, so this shows NEGATIVE DEVIATION from Raoult's law.
Answer:
The image on the left is unicellular. Unicellular means to be made of one cell and the two on the right are multicellular, made of multiple cells.
