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SVETLANKA909090 [29]
3 years ago
7

I need help anyone plz help because I really do need help;)

Social Studies
1 answer:
Ivenika [448]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Scarcity impacts financial choices for individuals by giving them limited choices on how or where to spend their money. Scarcity helps an individual decide how to spend their money wisely, whether it's on basic needs or bills.

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Why have some criticized utilitarianism on the basis that it is the ‘morality of swine’? How does Mill address this objection?
Elodia [21]

Answer:

Explanation:

As a theory, utilitarianism is usually thought to start with Jeremy Bentham, however, similar ideas were evident in the writings of David Hume in An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (1)and Francis Hutchinson, whom David Hume studied under, in his An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (2). Utilitarianism tells us an act is moral insofar as it creates the greatest good for the greatest number. It tells us to take the amount of happiness distributed between sentient beings and look at which distribution is going to maximise the amount of happiness. It gives a systematic answer. Throughout the past two centuries utilitarianism has been very influential within practical disciplines of politics and economics. As a result, utilitarianism has had an influence modern life, particularly public policy. What could be more important when making political deliberations than aiming to make people’s lives better and less unhappy?

One of the first utilitarian theorisers, Jeremy Bentham, is famously credited for being the founder of the doctrine. Bentham defined utility as “instrumental to happiness”. He believes that all judgements of good and bad can be based on pleasure and pain. He is seen as an advocate of psychological hedonism. In his famous introduction of An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1979), Bentham states “Nature has placed man under the governance of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure.” Therefore, pain and pleasure provide the basis for his moral theory of ‘what we ought to do’. Initially, he began his career by studying law and then moved on to moral ethics in order to advise legislators. He was primarily interested in improving the law and his goal for the legislator was the utilitarian principle or the greatest happiness principle. Therefore, his advice was not initially aimed for individuals and their life choices but for the legislator. Although Bentham sees pleasure as the key of explaining how human beings act, he relies more often on the concept of pain when constructing his legal theory. While he does endorse act-utilitarianism, his ‘sanction-based’ theory of obligation is more applicable to the legal system he was so interested in improving.

John Stuart Mill is also one of the most well-known utilitarian thinkers and defenders of the theory. His celebrated thoughts can be found in his famous essay: Utilitarianism. Mill observes something of a crisis in moral thinking. Philosophical thinkers have been unable to come to a consensus on the principle of what constitutes right and wrong. Mill argues that having such a foundation is necessary to legitimise morality. This is why the theory of utilitarianism is so important.

Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill categorise and measure utility and pleasure in different ways. Bentham uses the hedonic calculus which decides the value of pleasure by seven measures of quantity: duration, intensity, certainty or uncertainty, remoteness or propinquity, fecundity, extent and purity. Bentham is well-known for his treating of all pleasures as of equal value. By this he means not that all pleasures are of exactly equal, but that the legislator who his work on utilitarianism is aimed at should not be valuing one pleasure above another.

John Stuart Mil’s idea of higher and lower pleasures has been viewed as flawed in itself. It has been criticised as a self-serving idea. For example, an intellectual will view his preferred enjoyments as a higher, more important pleasure. Therefore, as an intellectual, it could be argued that Mill himself is biased towards what constitutes as higher and lower pleasures.

6 0
2 years ago
What drives the system of slavery
tamaranim1 [39]
<span>I</span> believe that greed drives the system of slavery or it could be hate of others of different skin color
8 0
3 years ago
Wich development contributed to Russia with drawal from world war 1
OLEGan [10]

Answer:

Explanation:

lenin and russia signed a tready that gave germany valuable land in exchange for peace. How did this hurt the allies in multiple ways? They lost all of their valuable land and all of the support soldiers, weapons, and other resources from russia.

3 0
3 years ago
Based on the graph above, the U.S. population in the 1970s was
goldfiish [28.3K]
<span>a. increasing, placing greater pressure on leadership to solve problems like inflation</span>
8 0
3 years ago
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Consider the ethos of these public figures. zthen describe one or two products that might benefit from their endorsements as wel
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James Earl Jones-actor- I think James Earl Jones should do the voiceover in a Marine recruitment commercial because he has such a rich deep baritone voice. I think James Earl Jones should not endorse cigarettes, microwave tv dinners, chewing gum, deodorant, tube socks, anti-wrinkle creams, and weight loss pills

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