The ultimate source of energy for plants is the sun. Sunlight is one of the main components of photosynthesis.
The correct answer is C.commensalism; parasitism
At first it is a commensalism relationship which becomes parasitic when the living cells get attacked.
<span>About the conservation of energy. Suppose you are in a vacuum and you bunch a basketball. You will notice that no matter how much you will leave the ball bunching the ball will never stop. That happens because the ball develops both potential and kinetic energy, the sum of those two give us the mechanical energy which remains constant. We have to suppose that friction is zero otherwise you have to count for thermal loses. </span>I hope that this is the answer that you were looking for and it has helped you.
I believe it is either fish of plants (Most likely plants).
The answer would be Linnaeus primarily used physical characteristics.