The U.S. Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional. The unanimous opinion was written by Chief Justice John Marshall.
<span> the </span>Cold War<span> had begun. African Americans united and organized, and a triumph of the </span>Civil Rights Movement<span> ended </span>Jim Crow<span> segregation in the South.</span><span>Further laws were passed that made discrimination illegal and provided federal oversight to guarantee voting rights.</span>
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dual court system the division of the courts into two separate systems, one federal and one state, with each of the fifty states having its own courts. trial court the level of court in which a case starts or is first tried.
Since Marbury, the Supreme Court has greatly expanded the power of judicial review. ... In 1958, the Supreme Court extended judicial review to mean that the Supreme Court was empowered to overrule any state action, executive, judicial or legislative, if it deems such to be unconstitutional.
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It all began when the Romans overthrew their Etruscan conquerors in 509 B.C.E. ... Centered north of Rome, the Etruscans had ruled over the Romans for hundreds of years. Once free, the Romans established a republic, a government in which citizens elected representatives to rule on their behalf.
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