Ans.
Chromatin molecules are made up of DNA and histone proteins. Modification of chromatin structure include covalent, post-translational changes in histone proteins, present in chromation. Acetylation and methylation are two important histone modifications that affect structure of chromatin molecules.
Acetylation involves addition of an acetyl group to histones that increases transcription of DNA by loosen the association between DNA and nucleosome.
Methylation involves addition of a methyl group to histones that results in condensation of chromatin molecule and thus, decreases transcription of DNA.
Both acetylation and methylation are reversible processes.
Many chromatin modifications are genetic, means they can pass from one generation to another generation, called epigenetic modifications.
Thus, options B), C), D), E), and F).
Yes. They have cells, they have seeds to reproduce, and they respond to environment. Rotting is an example of an apple developing (although it is dying), using energy, and responding to the environment.
The dominant hand will most probably be faster to react and will also react more strongly in comparison to the non-dominant hand. The reason for this is that our dominant hand tends to be better at reacting towards stimuli in comparison to our non-dominant hand.
